An Essay on Laughter
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Chapters
- 1. Introduction 2:06 Free
- 2. Chapter 1 β Part 1 of 5: INTRODUCTORY. A writer who undertakes to discourse o... 8:24
- 3. Chapter 1 β Part 2 of 5: It is, however, more to the purpose to refer to thos... 9:00
- 4. Chapter 1 β Part 3 of 5: If the smile of amusement with which we greet this s... 7:46
- 5. Chapter 1 β Part 4 of 5: Our examination seems to show that this apparently s... 8:54
- 6. Chapter 1 β Part 5 of 5: Further, it seems desirable to study the utterances... 3:08
- 7. Chapter 2 β Part 1 of 5: THE SMILE AND THE LAUGH 8:52
- 8. Chapter 2 β Part 2 of 5: The production of the sounds by the spasmodic expira... 9:24
- 9. Chapter 2 β Part 3 of 5: It may be added that this supplementing of the energ... 9:18
- 10. Chapter 2 β Part 4 of 5: To this it must be added that in the cases here touc... 8:33
- 11. Chapter 2 β Part 5 of 5: Here again, as in the case of the smile, we have to... 2:54
- 12. Chapter 3 β Part 1 of 6: OCCASIONS AND CAUSES OF LAUGHTER 9:17
- 13. Chapter 3 β Part 2 of 6: An important characteristic of these feeling-tones i... 9:01
- 14. Chapter 3 β Part 3 of 6: Now touches of unknown origin at places not closely... 8:56
- 15. Chapter 3 β Part 4 of 6: Can we find a common element in these different form... 8:38
- 16. Chapter 3 β Part 5 of 6: But the swift accession of joy may come in another w... 8:48
- 17. Chapter 3 β Part 6 of 6: On the side of the teaser, the situation is also hig... 5:59
- 18. Chapter 4 β Part 1 of 7: VARIETIES OF THE LAUGHABLE 8:21
- 19. Chapter 4 β Part 2 of 7: (1) Among the things which are commonly said to be l... 8:02
- 20. Chapter 4 β Part 3 of 7: It is a view commonly held, and as we shall see supp... 9:09
- 21. Chapter 4 β Part 4 of 7: It is to be noted that many situations involving not... 9:03
- 22. Chapter 4 β Part 5 of 7: (8) We may now pass to a species of the laughable wh... 8:35
- 23. Chapter 4 β Part 6 of 7: This localising of the laughable in a relation is mo... 8:38
- 24. Chapter 4 β Part 7 of 7: In this department of contemplative amusement we see... 9:29
- 25. Chapter 5 β Part 1 of 7: THEORIES OF THE LUDICROUS 8:59
- 26. Chapter 5 β Part 2 of 7: Or let us take another group: the relish for word-pl... 7:54
- 27. Chapter 5 β Part 3 of 7: Nevertheless, it seems probable that the part played... 9:12
- 28. Chapter 5 β Part 4 of 7: Much of our mirthful gratification at exhibitions of... 8:46
- 29. Chapter 5 β Part 5 of 7: I have tried to show that some at least of the spect... 8:55
- 30. Chapter 5 β Part 6 of 7: Now it seems evident that we have in all these exper... 9:17
- 31. Chapter 5 β Part 7 of 7: It is the same with mischances, awkward fixes, and a... 6:11
- 32. Chapter 6 β Part 1 of 6: THE ORIGIN OF LAUGHTER 9:01
- 33. Chapter 6 β Part 2 of 6: How far, one wonders, will this educative influence... 8:26
- 34. Chapter 6 β Part 3 of 6: If we turn to the dates assigned to the first occurr... 8:38
- 35. Chapter 6 β Part 4 of 6: The fact that the basis of a smile is a movement of... 8:39
- 36. Chapter 6 β Part 5 of 6: Here, again, the question how far animals are suscep... 9:14
- 37. Chapter 6 β Part 6 of 6: Now, this idea will, I think, help us to understand... 3:28
- 38. Chapter 7 β Part 1 of 7: DEVELOPMENT OF LAUGHTER DURING THE FIRST THREE YEARS... 9:17
- 39. Chapter 7 β Part 2 of 7: Let us take as an example a child who, having reache... 8:44
- 40. Chapter 7 β Part 3 of 7: A part of the gleefulness of this widening experienc... 9:10
- 41. Chapter 7 β Part 4 of 7: The laughing mood in these cases is understandable a... 8:37
- 42. Chapter 7 β Part 5 of 7: Our study of the conditions of the perception sugges... 8:22
- 43. Chapter 7 β Part 6 of 7: This co-operation of the play-inclination in the per... 9:25
- 44. Chapter 7 β Part 7 of 7: Enough has been said, perhaps, even in this slight e... 1:17
- 45. Chapter 8 β Part 1 of 6: THE LAUGHTER OF SAVAGES 9:20
- 46. Chapter 8 β Part 2 of 6: On the other hand, there is reason to think that som... 9:14
- 47. Chapter 8 β Part 3 of 6: In order to see the meaning of this teasing laughter... 8:41
- 48. Chapter 8 β Part 4 of 6: The field in which they cull most of their facetious... 8:26
- 49. Chapter 8 β Part 5 of 6: Intelligence would seem not merely to be stirring, b... 8:58
- 50. Chapter 8 β Part 6 of 6: The possession of these rudiments of talent naturall... 6:04
- 51. Chapter 9 β Part 1 of 8: LAUGHTER IN SOCIAL EVOLUTION 8:51
- 52. Chapter 9 β Part 2 of 8: It is only when we move on to a society with a consi... 8:32
- 53. Chapter 9 β Part 3 of 8: How soon in man's history any such laughter became p... 8:48
- 54. Chapter 9 β Part 4 of 8: One of the best examples of the combined effect of h... 8:24
- 55. Chapter 9 β Part 5 of 8: In this descent of fashion from higher to lower rank... 9:11
- 56. Chapter 9 β Part 6 of 8: We may see by this illustration how mighty a force e... 9:16
- 57. Chapter 9 β Part 7 of 8: While the progress of a nation in ideas and institut... 8:14
- 58. Chapter 9 β Part 8 of 8: This naΓ―ve form of popular laughter gave way to a le... 7:31
- 59. Chapter 10 β Part 1 of 9: LAUGHTER OF THE INDIVIDUAL: HUMOUR 8:43
- 60. Chapter 10 β Part 2 of 9: A finer appreciation of contrasts, and of relations... 9:13
- 61. Chapter 10 β Part 3 of 9: It must be remembered that two feelings simultaneous... 8:47
- 62. Chapter 10 β Part 4 of 9: The old writers treated humour by help of their gene... 9:06
- 63. Chapter 10 β Part 5 of 9: There is another way in which the development of the... 8:40
- 64. Chapter 10 β Part 6 of 9: We may now turn to those uses of humour, into the co... 8:37
- 65. Chapter 10 β Part 7 of 9: How far humour will help a man in throwing off troub... 8:03
- 66. Chapter 10 β Part 8 of 9: The absurdity of this forcing of oneself on the noti... 8:21
- 67. Chapter 10 β Part 9 of 9: Yet this is but a small part of the humorous aspect... 5:11
- 68. Chapter 11 β Part 1 of 9: THE LAUGHABLE IN ART: COMEDY 9:15
- 69. Chapter 11 β Part 2 of 9: The amusing repetitions wrought into the mechanism o... 9:13
- 70. Chapter 11 β Part 3 of 9: As the etymology of the word suggests, wit is not so... 8:27
- 71. Chapter 11 β Part 4 of 9: The comedy of Aristophanes illustrates the art of co... 8:22
- 72. Chapter 11 β Part 5 of 9: The next point to be noted in this new art is the mo... 9:05
- 73. Chapter 11 β Part 6 of 9: In the art of MoliΓ¨re we have for the most part the... 9:03
- 74. Chapter 11 β Part 7 of 9: Now, in substituting the social for the moral point... 9:23
- 75. Chapter 11 β Part 8 of 9: The characteristics of satire, thus roughly indicate... 9:17
- 76. Chapter 11 β Part 9 of 9: As we have seen, prose-fiction may illustrate the co... 6:45
- 77. Chapter 12 β Part 1 of 8: ULTIMATE VALUE AND LIMITATIONS OF LAUGHTER 9:13
- 78. Chapter 12 β Part 2 of 8: In this way philosophy, by substituting a new and id... 9:06
- 79. Chapter 12 β Part 3 of 8: We have spoken of philosophy as hovering aloof from... 8:16
- 80. Chapter 12 β Part 4 of 8: The evolutionist has accustomed us to the idea of th... 8:32
- 81. Chapter 12 β Part 5 of 8: Yet we may easily go wrong here, doing an offence to... 8:50
- 82. Chapter 12 β Part 6 of 8: Yet it is well to bear in mind that such imposition... 8:41
- 83. Chapter 12 β Part 7 of 8: If this is true it would seem as if, instead of tryi... 8:52
- 84. Chapter 12 β Part 8 of 8: This is not the place to attempt an explanation of a... 6:01
Read chapter 1
The present work is, I believe, the first attempt to treat on a considerable scale the whole subject of Laughter, under its various aspects, and in its connections with our serious activities and interests. As such, it will, I feel sure, lay itself open to the criticism that it lacks completeness, or at least, proportion. A further criticism to which, I feel equally sure, it will expose itself, is that it clearly reflects the peculiarities of the experience of the writer. The anticipation of this objection does not, however, disturb me. It seems to me to be not only inevitable, but desirableβat least at the present stage of our knowledge of the subjectβthat one who attempts to understand an impulse, of which the intensities and the forms appear to vary greatly among men, of which the workings are often subtle, and of which the significance is by no means obvious, should, while making full use of others' impressions, draw largely on his own experience.
Portions of the volume have already appeared in Reviews. Chapter I. was published (under the title "Prolegomena to a Theory of Laughter") in The Philosophical Review, 1900; Chapter V., in the Revue Philosophique, 1902; and Chapter VIII., in The International Monthly, 1901. The parts of Chapters III. and VI. which treat of the psychology of tickling appeared in the Compte rendu of the Fourth International Congress of Psychology (IV^{me} Congrès International de Psychologie), Paris, 1901. Some of the ideas in Chapter X. are outlined in an article on "The Uses of Humour," which appeared in The National Review, 1897.
Some of my obligations to other writers and workers have been acknowledged in the volume. For friendly assistance in reading the proofs of the work I am greatly indebted to Mr. Carveth Read, Dr. Alexander Hill, Prof. W. P. Ker, Mr. Ling Roth, Dr. W. H. R. Rivers, Miss C. Osborn, and Miss Alice Woods.
HΓTEL DU WEISSHORN, VAL D'ANNIVIERS, August, 1902.
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