The Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas
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Chapters
- 1. Introduction 2:14 Free
- 2. Chapter 1: THE EMOTIONAL ORIGIN OF MORAL JUDGMENTS The moral co... 1:17
- 3. Chapter 2: THE NATURE OF THE MORAL EMOTIONS The moral emotions... 2:50
- 4. Chapter 3: THE NATURE OF THE MORAL EMOTIONS (continued) Whilst... 3:07
- 5. Chapter 5: THE ORIGIN OF THE MORAL EMOTIONS We may feel disinte... 2:44
- 6. Chapter 7: CUSTOMS AND LAWS AS EXPRESSIONS OF MORAL IDEAS How w... 3:40
- 7. Chapter 8: THE GENERAL NATURE OF THE SUBJECTS OF ENLIGHTENED MO... 2:12
- 8. Chapter 9: THE WILL AS THE SUBJECT OF MORAL JUDGMENT AND THE IN... 2:06
- 9. Chapter 10: AGENTS UNDER INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY An agent not re... 2:06
- 10. Chapter 11: MOTIVES Motives considered only in proportion as the... 3:13
- 11. Chapter 13: WHY MORAL JUDGMENTS ARE PASSED ON CONDUCT AND CHARAC... 3:44
- 12. Chapter 15: HOMICIDE IN GENERAL (continued) Homicide of any kind... 3:35
- 13. Chapter 17: THE KILLING OF PARENTS, SICK PERSONS, CHILDREN-FETIC... 1:52
- 14. Chapter 18: THE KILLING OF WOMEN, AND OF SLAVES—THE CRIMINALITY... 2:20
- 15. Chapter 19: HUMAN SACRIFICE The prevalence of human sacrifice, pp 3:38
- 16. Chapter 20: BLOOD-REVENGE AND COMPENSATION—THE PUNISHMENT OF DEA... 2:16
- 17. Chapter 22: BODILY INJURIES In the case of bodily injuries the m... 1:57
- 18. Chapter 23: CHARITY AND GENEROSITY The mother's duty to rear her... 2:48
- 19. Chapter 24: HOSPITALITY Instances of great kindness displayed by... 1:39
- 20. Chapter 25: THE SUBJECTION OF CHILDREN The right of personal fre... 2:24
- 21. Chapter 26: THE SUBJECTION OF WIVES Among the lower races the wi... 4:02
- 22. Chapter 27: SLAVERY Definition of slavery, p 5:51
- 23. Chapter 1 — Part 1 of 4: THE EMOTIONAL ORIGIN OF MORAL JUDGMENTS THAT the mor... 8:49
- 24. Chapter 1 — Part 2 of 4: Society is the school in which men learn to distingu... 8:52
- 25. Chapter 1 — Part 3 of 4: Besides the relative uniformity of moral opinions, t... 8:32
- 26. Chapter 1 — Part 4 of 4: To this argument may, first, be objected that a scie... 3:22
- 27. Chapter 2 — Part 1 of 11: THE NATURE OF THE MORAL EMOTIONS IN the preceding ch... 9:00
- 28. Chapter 2 — Part 2 of 11: The Great Eskimo, as it is reported, once after a se... 8:26
- 29. Chapter 2 — Part 3 of 11: To sum up: all the facts which Dr 8:29
- 30. Chapter 2 — Part 4 of 11: Concerning the West Australian aborigines, Sir Georg... 9:17
- 31. Chapter 2 — Part 5 of 11: As to their origin, the evolutionist can hardly ente... 7:51
- 32. Chapter 2 — Part 6 of 11: Among the Atkha Aleuts, the punishment for certain o... 9:00
- 33. Chapter 2 — Part 7 of 11: The Vedic people ask Varuna to forgive the wrongs co... 8:27
- 34. Chapter 2 — Part 8 of 11: In ancient Peru, an Inca, after confession of guilt... 9:01
- 35. Chapter 2 — Part 9 of 11: This, I think, is the reason why, among the Berbers... 8:44
- 36. Chapter 2 — Part 10 of 11: And finally, they either sold the head to Greek trad... 9:00
- 37. Chapter 2 — Part 11 of 11: From this point of view, of course, it is not necess... 6:13
- 38. Chapter 3 — Part 1 of 6: THE NATURE OF THE MORAL EMOTIONS (continued) IT was... 9:32
- 39. Chapter 3 — Part 2 of 6: It is easy to see why enlightened and sympathetic mi... 9:00
- 40. Chapter 3 — Part 3 of 6: It may seem strange that theories which are open to... 9:19
- 41. Chapter 3 — Part 4 of 6: Thus the theories both of determent and of reformati... 8:25
- 42. Chapter 3 — Part 5 of 6: Whilst resentment is a hostile attitude of mind towa... 8:47
- 43. Chapter 3 — Part 6 of 6: It is no doubt more becoming for a god to pardon the... 2:00
- 44. Chapter 4: THE NATURE OF THE MORAL EMOTIONS (concluded) WE have... 13:11
- 45. Chapter 5 — Part 1 of 5: THE ORIGIN OF THE MORAL EMOTIONS WE have found that... 8:29
- 46. Chapter 5 — Part 2 of 5: The altruistic sentiments of mankind will be treated... 8:24
- 47. Chapter 5 — Part 3 of 5: Having thus found the origin of disinterested retrib... 8:37
- 48. Chapter 5 — Part 4 of 5: Though taking their place in the system of human emo... 8:28
- 49. Chapter 5 — Part 5 of 5: Many of the facts referred to by Lord Avebury do not... 6:33
- 50. Chapter 6 — Part 1 of 6: ANALYSIS OF THE PRINCIPAL MORAL CONCEPTS WE have ass... 9:22
- 51. Chapter 6 — Part 2 of 6: It is also worth noting that the feeling of self-com... 8:08
- 52. Chapter 6 — Part 3 of 6: It is commonly said that rights have their correspon... 8:30
- 53. Chapter 6 — Part 4 of 6: Though "good," being affixed to a great variety of o... 9:17
- 54. Chapter 6 — Part 5 of 6: There has been no less confusion with regard to the... 8:57
- 55. Chapter 6 — Part 6 of 6: It has been maintained that the sphere of the indiff... 3:59
- 56. Chapter 7 — Part 1 of 9: CUSTOMS AND LAWS AS EXPRESSIONS OF MORAL IDEAS MORAL... 8:46
- 57. Chapter 7 — Part 2 of 9: In competition with law, custom frequently carries t... 8:43
- 58. Chapter 7 — Part 3 of 9: Laws which represent public opinion are no more than... 8:36
- 59. Chapter 7 — Part 4 of 9: The Chippewyans, among whom "order is maintained in... 10:28
- 60. Chapter 7 — Part 5 of 9: Thus public indignation displays itself not only in... 9:19
- 61. Chapter 7 — Part 6 of 9: As a matter of fact, the blood-feud often consists o... 9:12
- 62. Chapter 7 — Part 7 of 9: In the beginning of the fifteenth century, the Peine... 7:35
- 63. Chapter 7 — Part 8 of 9: It may, first, be noticed that the punishment actual... 9:07
- 64. Chapter 7 — Part 9 of 9: According to Hebrew notions, it is man's duty to ave... 6:12
- 65. Chapter 8 — Part 1 of 3: THE GENERAL NATURE OF THE SUBJECTS OF ENLIGHTENED MO... 9:15
- 66. Chapter 8 — Part 2 of 3: If it is admitted that moral judgments are passed on... 9:17
- 67. Chapter 8 — Part 3 of 3: In these cases the moral blame refers neither to neg... 7:26
- 68. Chapter 9 — Part 1 of 7: THE WILL AS THE SUBJECT OF MORAL JUDGMENT AND THE IN... 9:26
- 69. Chapter 9 — Part 2 of 7: Thus "it seems to make little or no distinction betw... 9:16
- 70. Chapter 9 — Part 3 of 7: Speaking of the sacred animals of the ancient Egypti... 10:19
- 71. Chapter 9 — Part 4 of 7: In the case of accidental homicide, deference may al... 8:50
- 72. Chapter 9 — Part 5 of 7: "Le fait juge l'homme," says an old French proverb... 8:37
- 73. Chapter 9 — Part 6 of 7: Besides the provision of the Code Pénal concerning a... 8:53
- 74. Chapter 9 — Part 7 of 7: It is thus only from want of due reflection that mor... 1:38
- 75. Chapter 10 — Part 1 of 7: AGENTS UNDER INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY WE hold an agen... 8:42
- 76. Chapter 10 — Part 2 of 7: It is prescribed in the Vendîdâd that, if a mad dog... 9:07
- 77. Chapter 10 — Part 3 of 7: This, as it seems to me, is the correct explanation... 8:36
- 78. Chapter 10 — Part 4 of 7: This irresponsibility is admitted by the laws of civ... 8:12
- 79. Chapter 10 — Part 5 of 7: The idea that derangement of the mind is due to spir... 8:39
- 80. Chapter 10 — Part 6 of 7: From the year 1724 there is a dictum of an English j... 9:15
- 81. Chapter 10 — Part 7 of 7: An ordinance of Francis I 3:23
- 82. Chapter 11 — Part 1 of 4: MOTIVES NO enlightened and conscientious moral judge... 9:13
- 83. Chapter 11 — Part 2 of 4: In self-defence there should of course be a proporti... 8:44
- 84. Chapter 11 — Part 3 of 4: The Australian Narrinyeri, as we have seen, have a t... 8:43
- 85. Chapter 11 — Part 4 of 4: That moral judgments are generally passed, in the fi... 5:12
- 86. Chapter 12: FORBEARANCES AND CARELESSNESS—CHARACTER THE observat... 18:04
- 87. Chapter 13 — Part 1 of 3: WHY MORAL JUDGMENTS ARE PASSED ON CONDUCT AND CHARAC... 8:58
- 88. Chapter 13 — Part 2 of 3: The cognitions by which non-moral resentment and gra... 9:19
- 89. Chapter 13 — Part 3 of 3: Nor is it only the popular mind that, when human vol... 3:47
- 90. Chapter 14 — Part 1 of 4: PRELIMINARY REMARKS—HOMICIDE IN GENERAL WE have disc... 8:49
- 91. Chapter 14 — Part 2 of 4: In Savage Island the slaying of a member of another... 8:48
- 92. Chapter 14 — Part 3 of 4: The stranger as such—unless he belonged to a friendl... 8:55
- 93. Chapter 14 — Part 4 of 4: One fighting with another, one seeking refuge, one r... 1:41
- 94. Chapter 15 — Part 1 of 5: HOMICIDE IN GENERAL (continued) CHRISTIANITY introdu... 9:51
- 95. Chapter 15 — Part 2 of 5: Had not the Lord Himself commissioned them to attack... 8:57
- 96. Chapter 15 — Part 3 of 5: The Church made some feeble attempts to put an end t... 8:22
- 97. Chapter 15 — Part 4 of 5: A natural justice, Canon Mozley adds, is inherent no... 8:31
- 98. Chapter 15 — Part 5 of 5: "Miserable physicians of souls, you declaim for five... 8:49
- 99. Chapter 16: HOMICIDE IN GENERAL (concluded) IN the last two chap... 17:58
- 100. Chapter 17 — Part 1 of 7: THE KILLING OF PARENTS, SICK PERSONS, CHILDREN—FETIC... 9:14
- 101. Chapter 17 — Part 2 of 7: Can you see a parent or a relative shaking and freez... 8:58
- 102. Chapter 17 — Part 3 of 7: Among a great number of uncivilised peoples it is us... 8:58
- 103. Chapter 17 — Part 4 of 7: "The woman has the hard work of carrying food from g... 8:20
- 104. Chapter 17 — Part 5 of 7: The custom of infanticide prevails, or has prevailed... 9:34
- 105. Chapter 17 — Part 6 of 7: The practice of exposing new-born infants, so common... 8:08
- 106. Chapter 17 — Part 7 of 7: The criminality of artificial abortion was increased... 1:31
- 107. Chapter 18 — Part 1 of 3: THE KILLING OF WOMEN AND OF SLAVES—THE CRIMINALITY O... 9:04
- 108. Chapter 18 — Part 2 of 3: According to Hebrew law, a master who smites his sla... 8:51
- 109. Chapter 18 — Part 3 of 3: That the life of a slave is held in so little regard... 7:28
- 110. Chapter 19 — Part 1 of 9: HUMAN SACRIFICE IT still remains for us to consider... 10:15
- 111. Chapter 19 — Part 2 of 9: Cæsar wrote of the Gauls, "They who are engaged in b... 8:56
- 112. Chapter 19 — Part 3 of 9: The premise on which Dr 9:22
- 113. Chapter 19 — Part 4 of 9: Dr. Frazer writes:--"At Lagos In Guinea it was the c... 9:11
- 114. Chapter 19 — Part 5 of 9: The bodies were then cut into a number of pieces, wh... 9:15
- 115. Chapter 19 — Part 6 of 9: When Jantu's fat will be put into the fire as an off... 9:03
- 116. Chapter 19 — Part 7 of 9: Uncultured people are commonly afraid of anything ne... 8:37
- 117. Chapter 19 — Part 8 of 9: We find that various peoples who at a certain period... 8:26
- 118. Chapter 19 — Part 9 of 9: Professor Schrader observes that "it is no longer po... 5:27
- 119. Chapter 20 — Part 1 of 4: BLOOD-REVENGE AND COMPENSATION—THE PUNISHMENT OF DEA... 9:27
- 120. Chapter 20 — Part 2 of 4: The taking of life for life may itself, in a way, se... 9:25
- 121. Chapter 20 — Part 3 of 4: Among the majority of the Bedawee tribes of Egypt co... 8:06
- 122. Chapter 20 — Part 4 of 4: An execution is regarded as less degrading than many... 3:57
- 123. Chapter 21 — Part 1 of 3: THE DUEL WHEN the system of revenge was replaced by... 8:55
- 124. Chapter 21 — Part 2 of 3: The ancient Swedes were even compelled by law to fig... 9:14
- 125. Chapter 21 — Part 3 of 3: In 1602, Henry IV 3:42
- 126. Chapter 22 — Part 1 of 3: BODILY INJURIES CLOSELY related to the right to life... 8:59
- 127. Chapter 22 — Part 2 of 3: The maltreatment of another person's slave has, even... 10:02
- 128. Chapter 22 — Part 3 of 3: According to the Chinese Penal Code, "it shall not... 2:55
- 129. Chapter 23 — Part 1 of 9: CHARITY AND GENEROSITY IN previous chapters we have... 8:36
- 130. Chapter 23 — Part 2 of 9: When dealing with the origin of the altruistic senti... 8:49
- 131. Chapter 23 — Part 3 of 9: Christianity, as will be shown, in one essential poi... 9:00
- 132. Chapter 23 — Part 4 of 9: The Ahts of Vancouver Island succour any one in need... 8:37
- 133. Chapter 23 — Part 5 of 9: Among the coast tribes of British Columbia Mr 9:01
- 134. Chapter 23 — Part 6 of 9: Charity was urgently insisted upon by the religious... 9:00
- 135. Chapter 23 — Part 7 of 9: On the other hand, Christianity of a higher type pre... 8:54
- 136. Chapter 23 — Part 8 of 9: The curses and blessings of the poor partly account... 9:10
- 137. Chapter 23 — Part 9 of 9: Like sacrifice, almsgiving is connected with prayer... 1:56
- 138. Chapter 24 — Part 1 of 6: HOSPITALITY WE have seen that in early society regar... 11:48
- 139. Chapter 24 — Part 2 of 6: Raffles, History of Java, i 11:00
- 140. Chapter 24 — Part 3 of 6: Plato says:--"In his relations to strangers, a man s... 8:28
- 141. Chapter 24 — Part 4 of 6: Powers states, "Let a perfect stranger enter a wigwa... 8:42
- 142. Chapter 24 — Part 5 of 6: In Morocco, if a person gives to another some food o... 8:49
- 143. Chapter 24 — Part 6 of 6: Among the Kalmucks special honour is paid to a stran... 1:44
- 144. Chapter 25 — Part 1 of 6: THE SUBJECTION OF CHILDREN FROM the modes of conduct... 9:23
- 145. Chapter 25 — Part 2 of 6: The words of the ancient part of their community are... 9:05
- 146. Chapter 25 — Part 3 of 6: It is the general opinion of Assyriologists that in... 8:55
- 147. Chapter 25 — Part 4 of 6: Again, in ancient Mexico respect was paid not only b... 9:06
- 148. Chapter 25 — Part 5 of 6: And old women, also, are often believed to possess s... 8:47
- 149. Chapter 25 — Part 6 of 6: The stain of disobedience towards mother and father... 5:33
- 150. Chapter 26 — Part 1 of 8: THE SUBJECTION OF WIVES AMONG the lower races, as a... 8:53
- 151. Chapter 26 — Part 2 of 8: The various occupations of life are thus divided bet... 8:34
- 152. Chapter 26 — Part 3 of 8: Among the natives of Cross Cape she even possesses "... 8:34
- 153. Chapter 26 — Part 4 of 8: Schweinfurth, exhibit towards their husbands the hig... 9:01
- 154. Chapter 26 — Part 5 of 8: If a wife obeys her husband, she will for that reaso... 8:54
- 155. Chapter 26 — Part 6 of 8: How, for instance, are we to deal with the various t... 8:57
- 156. Chapter 26 — Part 7 of 8: In these generalisations there is no doubt a great d... 8:25
- 157. Chapter 26 — Part 8 of 8: In Christian Europe, as ascetic ideas advanced, the... 6:31
- 158. Chapter 27 — Part 1 of 8: SLAVERY SLAVERY is essentially an industrial institu... 8:36
- 159. Chapter 27 — Part 2 of 8: Whilst little regard is paid to the liberty of stran... 9:27
- 160. Chapter 27 — Part 3 of 8: In China the slave class is composed of prisoners of... 9:17
- 161. Chapter 27 — Part 4 of 8: urs, coutumes et institutions des indigènes de l'Alg... 8:46
- 162. Chapter 27 — Part 5 of 8: Considering that Christianity has commonly been repr... 8:56
- 163. Chapter 27 — Part 6 of 8: She allowed alienation of such slaves only as showed... 8:21
- 164. Chapter 27 — Part 7 of 8: Slaves were defined as "chattels personal in the han... 8:33
- 165. Chapter 27 — Part 8 of 8: This system of slavery, which at least in the Britis... 9:48
- 166. Chapter 28: THE RIGHT OF PROPERTY The meaning of the term "prope... 1:44
- 167. Chapter 29: THE RIGHT OF PROPERTY (concluded) Acquisition of pro... 1:28
- 168. Chapter 30: THE REGARD FOR TRUTH AND GOOD FAITH Definition of ly... 1:23
- 169. Chapter 31: THE REGARD FOR TRUTH AND GOOD FAITH (concluded) Expl... 2:24
- 170. Chapter 32: THE RESPECT FOR OTHER MEN'S HONOUR AND SELF-REGARDIN... 1:21
- 171. Chapter 33: REGARD FOR OTHER PERSONS' HAPPINESS IN GENERAL—GRATI... 4:57
- 172. Chapter 35: SUICIDE Suicide and civilisation, p 2:03
- 173. Chapter 36: SELF-REGARDING DUTIES AND VIRTUES—INDUSTRY—REST Gene... 1:49
- 174. Chapter 37: RESTRICTIONS IN DIET The gluttony of savages and the... 2:10
- 175. Chapter 38: RESTRICTIONS IN DIET (concluded) Certain kinds of fo... 2:16
- 176. Chapter 39: CLEANLINESS AND UNCLEANLINESS—ASCETICISM IN GENERAL... 3:37
- 177. Chapter 42: FREE LOVE—ADULTERY Uncivilised peoples among whom bo... 1:46
- 178. Chapter 43: HOMOSEXUAL LOVE Homosexual practices among the lower... 2:16
- 179. Chapter 44: REGARD FOR THE LOWER ANIMALS Animals treated with de... 1:50
- 180. Chapter 45: REGARD FOR THE DEAD The belief in a future life, p 5:28
- 181. Chapter 47: THE BELIEF IN SUPERNATURAL BEINGS Distinction betwee... 3:21
- 182. Chapter 50: GODS AS GUARDIANS OF MORALITY The supernatural being... 2:11
- 183. Chapter 52: GODS AS GUARDIANS OF MORALITY (concluded) Explanatio... 2:50
- 184. Chapter 28 — Part 1 of 6: THE RIGHT OF PROPERTY THE right of property implies... 9:11
- 185. Chapter 28 — Part 2 of 6: At Zimmé, "if a theft is proved, three times the val... 9:22
- 186. Chapter 28 — Part 3 of 6: In England a distinction was made between "grand" an... 8:48
- 187. Chapter 28 — Part 4 of 6: In ancient India, on the other hand, the punishment... 8:55
- 188. Chapter 28 — Part 5 of 6: Throughout the Middle Ages all Europe seems to have... 8:52
- 189. Chapter 28 — Part 6 of 6: A third class of persons who in many cases are consi... 4:29
- 190. Chapter 29 — Part 1 of 7: THE RIGHT OF PROPERTY (concluded) ACCORDING to an ol... 8:16
- 191. Chapter 29 — Part 2 of 7: It should, moreover, be remembered that there is own... 10:06
- 192. Chapter 29 — Part 3 of 7: In Attic law sons excluded daughters from succession... 8:27
- 193. Chapter 29 — Part 4 of 7: As the recognition of ownership thus ultimately spri... 8:25
- 194. Chapter 29 — Part 5 of 7: That the moral valuation of theft varies according t... 8:40
- 195. Chapter 29 — Part 6 of 7: Exactly equivalent to the taboo of the Pacific Islan... 9:07
- 196. Chapter 29 — Part 7 of 7: I have here only dealt with rules relating to proper... 3:59
- 197. Chapter 30 — Part 1 of 8: THE REGARD FOR TRUTH AND GOOD FAITH THE regard for t... 9:19
- 198. Chapter 30 — Part 2 of 8: Matthews observes, "As the result of over thirty yea... 8:18
- 199. Chapter 30 — Part 3 of 8: Nowhere in the savage world is truth held in less es... 9:18
- 200. Chapter 30 — Part 4 of 8: John observes:--"There is no general appreciation of... 9:00
- 201. Chapter 30 — Part 5 of 8: "If veracity and a thousand horse-sacrifices are wei... 8:49
- 202. Chapter 30 — Part 6 of 8: Not without reason did the Romans of the republican... 8:53
- 203. Chapter 30 — Part 7 of 8: ; Quæstiones in Genesim, 145, ad Gen 8:54
- 204. Chapter 30 — Part 8 of 8: It is perfectly legitimate to use the distinctive em... 1:21
- 205. Chapter 31 — Part 1 of 5: THE REGARD FOR TRUTH AND GOOD FAITH (concluded) THE... 9:35
- 206. Chapter 31 — Part 2 of 5: Moreover, lying is attended not only with social dis... 8:57
- 207. Chapter 31 — Part 3 of 5: Among the Tunguses a criminal may be compelled to cl... 9:19
- 208. Chapter 31 — Part 4 of 5: A Hindu gentleman of the plains, in the valley of th... 9:17
- 209. Chapter 31 — Part 5 of 5: The regard for truth displays itself not only in the... 7:50
- 210. Chapter 32 — Part 1 of 3: THE RESPECT FOR OTHER MEN'S HONOUR AND SELF-REGARDIN... 8:32
- 211. Chapter 32 — Part 2 of 3: The condemnation of an insult is greatly influenced... 9:07
- 212. Chapter 32 — Part 3 of 3: The rules of politeness and good manners refer to al... 7:12
- 213. Chapter 33 — Part 1 of 7: REGARD FOR OTHER PERSONS' HAPPINESS IN GENERAL—GRATI... 9:16
- 214. Chapter 33 — Part 2 of 7: Guppy found the same principle at work among the Sol... 9:05
- 215. Chapter 33 — Part 3 of 7: The statement made by certain travellers or colonist... 8:27
- 216. Chapter 33 — Part 4 of 7: Howitt tells us of an Australian native who, on leav... 8:40
- 217. Chapter 33 — Part 5 of 7: In the archaic State the national feeling is in some... 8:20
- 218. Chapter 33 — Part 6 of 7: With the fall of the Roman Empire patriotism died ou... 8:12
- 219. Chapter 33 — Part 7 of 7: Ever since, the racial feeling has been the most vig... 2:29
- 220. Chapter 34 — Part 1 of 9: THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALTRUISTIC SENTIME... 8:11
- 221. Chapter 34 — Part 2 of 9: By origin closely allied to the paternal feeling is... 9:03
- 222. Chapter 34 — Part 3 of 9: But man finally overcame this obstacle 8:43
- 223. Chapter 34 — Part 4 of 9: To pastoral people sociality, up to a certain degree... 8:51
- 224. Chapter 34 — Part 5 of 9: It seems that the importance which savages attach to... 8:17
- 225. Chapter 34 — Part 6 of 9: Besides marriage, local proximity, and a common desc... 8:37
- 226. Chapter 34 — Part 7 of 9: "In the Joint Family of the Hindus," says Sir Henry... 8:33
- 227. Chapter 34 — Part 8 of 9: In the social organisation of all these peoples ther... 8:50
- 228. Chapter 34 — Part 9 of 9: Genealogical fictions, then, are not merely a thing... 6:39
- 229. Chapter 35 — Part 1 of 7: SUICIDE IN previous chapters we have discussed the m... 8:51
- 230. Chapter 35 — Part 2 of 7: Whilst in some cases suicide opens the door to a hap... 8:36
- 231. Chapter 35 — Part 3 of 7: Another common form of suicide which is admired as h... 8:18
- 232. Chapter 35 — Part 4 of 7: Ancient Greece had its honourable suicides 8:23
- 233. Chapter 35 — Part 5 of 7: According to the Christian doctrine, as formulated b... 9:56
- 234. Chapter 35 — Part 6 of 7: Even the Catholic casuists, and later on philosopher... 9:21
- 235. Chapter 35 — Part 7 of 7: The religious argument, again, that suicide is a sin... 1:09
- 236. Chapter 36 — Part 1 of 5: SELF-REGARDING DUTIES AND VIRTUES—INDUSTRY—REST ACCO... 9:13
- 237. Chapter 36 — Part 2 of 5: Of the Namaquas we are told that "they may be seen b... 8:54
- 238. Chapter 36 — Part 3 of 5: A law against idleness resembling that which is repo... 9:14
- 239. Chapter 36 — Part 4 of 5: The body tired by work is less delighted with vice."... 9:19
- 240. Chapter 36 — Part 5 of 5: It has been sufficiently demonstrated that the Sabba... 4:25
- 241. Chapter 37 — Part 1 of 6: RESTRICTIONS IN DIET TRAVELLERS have often noticed w... 9:03
- 242. Chapter 37 — Part 2 of 6: Quite in harmony with these prescriptions is the not... 8:24
- 243. Chapter 37 — Part 3 of 6: In Greenland everybody who had lived in the same hou... 8:11
- 244. Chapter 37 — Part 4 of 6: Among the Arabs of Morocco, if a person has died in... 8:58
- 245. Chapter 37 — Part 5 of 6: But the fact that no other regular days of fasting b... 9:05
- 246. Chapter 37 — Part 6 of 6: It was only in the period immediately before the exi... 2:32
- 247. Chapter 38 — Part 1 of 5: RESTRICTIONS IN DIET (concluded) BESIDES the occasio... 8:49
- 248. Chapter 38 — Part 2 of 5: The Navahoes of New Mexico "must never touch fish, a... 8:30
- 249. Chapter 38 — Part 3 of 5: Rájendralála Mitra, the idea of beef as an article o... 8:55
- 250. Chapter 38 — Part 4 of 5: On similar grounds vegetarianism has been advocated... 9:41
- 251. Chapter 38 — Part 5 of 5: Though of late years drunkenness has been decreasing... 7:51
- 252. Chapter 39 — Part 1 of 4: CLEANLINESS AND UNCLEANLINESS—ASCETICISM IN GENERAL... 9:01
- 253. Chapter 39 — Part 2 of 4: According to Zoroastrianism it is the great business... 9:42
- 254. Chapter 39 — Part 3 of 4: The idea underlying religious asceticism has no doub... 8:33
- 255. Chapter 39 — Part 4 of 4: In India, Professor Kern observes, "climate, institu... 1:50
- 256. Chapter 40 — Part 1 of 7: MARRIAGE MAN'S sexual nature gives rise to various m... 8:38
- 257. Chapter 40 — Part 2 of 7: The question arises:--How has this instinctive avers... 8:51
- 258. Chapter 40 — Part 3 of 7: One youth assured her that neither he nor any of his... 8:50
- 259. Chapter 40 — Part 4 of 7: The endogamous rules are in the first place due to t... 9:13
- 260. Chapter 40 — Part 5 of 7: In a society where monogamy is prescribed by law, wh... 9:18
- 261. Chapter 40 — Part 6 of 7: As for the moral valuation of the various forms of m... 8:53
- 262. Chapter 40 — Part 7 of 7: The time during which marriage lasts varies extremel... 2:30
- 263. Chapter 41 — Part 1 of 5: CELIBACY AMONG savage and barbarous races of men nea... 8:33
- 264. Chapter 41 — Part 2 of 5: Modern civilisation looks upon celibacy in a differe... 8:50
- 265. Chapter 41 — Part 3 of 5: A small class of Hebrews held the idea that marriage... 9:18
- 266. Chapter 41 — Part 4 of 5: The idea of sexual defilement is particularly conspi... 8:53
- 267. Chapter 41 — Part 5 of 5: Religious celibacy is, moreover, enjoined or commend... 1:16
- 268. Chapter 42 — Part 1 of 7: FREE LOVE—ADULTERY HARDLY less variable than the mor... 8:50
- 269. Chapter 42 — Part 2 of 7: Passing to more advanced races, we find that chastit... 9:16
- 270. Chapter 42 — Part 3 of 7: A knight, it was said, should be abstinent and chast... 9:23
- 271. Chapter 42 — Part 4 of 7: Among the Tonga Islanders "rape, providing it be not... 8:24
- 272. Chapter 42 — Part 5 of 7: There is, moreover, a form of religious prostitution... 9:06
- 273. Chapter 42 — Part 6 of 7: The punishment of the seducer often varies according... 8:31
- 274. Chapter 42 — Part 7 of 7: To act otherwise would be considered in very bad tas... 3:50
- 275. Chapter 43 — Part 1 of 7: HOMOSEXUAL LOVE OUR review of the moral ideas concer... 10:23
- 276. Chapter 43 — Part 2 of 7: In Madagascar there are certain boys who live like w... 9:34
- 277. Chapter 43 — Part 3 of 7: Dr. Havelock Ellis justly observes that when homosex... 9:07
- 278. Chapter 43 — Part 4 of 7: They are called into the councils of the Indians, an... 9:20
- 279. Chapter 43 — Part 5 of 7: And this attachment was not only regarded as permiss... 8:51
- 280. Chapter 43 — Part 6 of 7: From this review of the moral ideas on the subject... 9:00
- 281. Chapter 43 — Part 7 of 7: The Hebrew conception of homosexual love to some ext... 1:58
- 282. Chapter 44 — Part 1 of 5: REGARD FOR THE LOWER ANIMALS MEN'S conduct towards t... 8:48
- 283. Chapter 44 — Part 2 of 5: Those on the west side of the Rocky Mountains "appea... 8:07
- 284. Chapter 44 — Part 3 of 5: The regard for the lower animals which is shown by t... 8:47
- 285. Chapter 44 — Part 4 of 5: In the Old Testament we meet with several instances... 8:10
- 286. Chapter 44 — Part 5 of 5: Whatever be the professed motives of legislators for... 7:36
- 287. Chapter 45 — Part 1 of 7: REGARD FOR THE DEAD MORALITY takes notice not only o... 8:42
- 288. Chapter 45 — Part 2 of 7: The grave is represented as a place where the deceas... 8:40
- 289. Chapter 45 — Part 3 of 7: Among the Andaman Islanders, again, infants are buri... 9:17
- 290. Chapter 45 — Part 4 of 7: Thus the Bondeis in East Africa apparently make litt... 8:11
- 291. Chapter 45 — Part 5 of 7: It is obvious that the beliefs held as regards the c... 8:40
- 292. Chapter 45 — Part 6 of 7: When ceremonies like that of striking the air at a f... 8:28
- 293. Chapter 45 — Part 7 of 7: It should finally be noticed that the duties to the... 5:15
- 294. Chapter 46 — Part 1 of 5: CANNIBALISM BEFORE we take leave of the dead we have... 8:09
- 295. Chapter 46 — Part 2 of 5: The idea that a person is annihilated or loses his i... 8:37
- 296. Chapter 46 — Part 3 of 5: In other instances, again, the belief in the wonderf... 8:29
- 297. Chapter 46 — Part 4 of 5: A large number of savage tribes have never been know... 8:55
- 298. Chapter 46 — Part 5 of 5: One reason for this superstitious dread of cannibali... 8:30
- 299. Chapter 47 — Part 1 of 4: THE BELIEF IN SUPERNATURAL BEINGS WE now come to the... 9:59
- 300. Chapter 47 — Part 2 of 4: The testimony of language is corroborated by kindred... 8:54
- 301. Chapter 47 — Part 3 of 4: Im Thurn that if his eye falls upon a rock in any wa... 8:40
- 302. Chapter 47 — Part 4 of 4: When the name of the god is the same as that of his... 6:13
- 303. Chapter 48 — Part 1 of 7: DUTIES TO GODS MEN not only believe in the existence... 8:28
- 304. Chapter 48 — Part 2 of 7: Every reader of The Golden Bough must admire the ing... 8:45
- 305. Chapter 48 — Part 3 of 7: Men are induced by various motives to offer sacrific... 9:17
- 306. Chapter 48 — Part 4 of 7: Not only are sacrifices used as bearers of prayers... 8:50
- 307. Chapter 48 — Part 5 of 7: The Moorish covenant (l-[(]ahd) is closely connected... 9:02
- 308. Chapter 48 — Part 6 of 7: Among the Central Australian Arunta there is in each... 9:05
- 309. Chapter 48 — Part 7 of 7: There was a governor in each of these privileged pla... 7:06
- 310. Chapter 49 — Part 1 of 5: DUTIES TO GODS (concluded) SUPERNATURAL beings are w... 8:54
- 311. Chapter 49 — Part 2 of 5: Some gods are extremely ungenerous towards all those... 9:09
- 312. Chapter 49 — Part 3 of 5: e-speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast_, p 9:32
- 313. Chapter 49 — Part 4 of 5: Gods are fond of prayers not only as expressions of... 9:08
- 314. Chapter 49 — Part 5 of 5: At the same time it may be not only in people's own... 2:55
- 315. Chapter 50 — Part 1 of 8: GODS AS GUARDIANS OF MORALITY AS men are concerned a... 8:21
- 316. Chapter 50 — Part 2 of 8: Of many savages it is reported that they have notion... 10:45
- 317. Chapter 50 — Part 3 of 8: Boyma (Baiame) is said to be seated far away in the... 9:14
- 318. Chapter 50 — Part 4 of 8: Among the Karens of Burma the belief is held that Ha... 8:43
- 319. Chapter 50 — Part 5 of 8: In South America, too, several tribes have been foun... 8:48
- 320. Chapter 50 — Part 6 of 8: Generally speaking, then, it seems that the All-fath... 9:02
- 321. Chapter 50 — Part 7 of 8: To the list of ordeals which contain an oath or a cu... 9:10
- 322. Chapter 50 — Part 8 of 8: Powers, Tribes of California, pp 3:40
- 323. Chapter 51 — Part 1 of 6: GODS AS GUARDIANS OF MORALITY (continued) FROM the g... 8:32
- 324. Chapter 51 — Part 2 of 6: On behalf of the afflicted individual the exorciser... 8:42
- 325. Chapter 51 — Part 3 of 6: After death the souls of those who have practised ri... 9:52
- 326. Chapter 51 — Part 4 of 6: The gods of ancient Greece were on the whole benefic... 9:18
- 327. Chapter 51 — Part 5 of 6: Some of the early Fathers maintained that the interf... 8:34
- 328. Chapter 51 — Part 6 of 6: In the present times there is a distinct tendency am... 5:39
- 329. Chapter 52: GODS AS GUARDIANS OF MORALITY (concluded) WE have se... 16:48
- 330. Chapter 53 — Part 1 of 41: CONCLUSION WE have completed our task 8:41
- 331. Chapter 53 — Part 2 of 41: When we examine the moral rules of uncivilised races... 8:49
- 332. Chapter 53 — Part 3 of 41: Granting the prevalence of an aversion to the marria... 8:01
- 333. Chapter 53 — Part 4 of 41: Sir J. G. Frazer accuses me of having extended Darwi... 8:31
- 334. Chapter 53 — Part 5 of 41: Messrs. Hose and McDougall maintain that the occurre... 9:13
- 335. Chapter 53 — Part 6 of 41: According to Professor C 13:30
Read chapter 1
THE frequent references made in the present work, on my own authority, to customs and ideas prevalent among the natives of Morocco, require a word of explanation. Seeing the close connection between moral opinions and magic and religious beliefs, I thought it might be useful for me to acquire first-hand knowledge of the folk-lore of some non-European people, and for various reasons I chose Morocco as my field of research. During the four years I spent there, largely among its country population, I have not only collected anthropological data, but tried to make myself familiar with the native way of thinking; and I venture to believe that this has helped me to understand various customs occurring at a stage of civilisation different from our own. I purpose before long to publish the detailed results of my studies in a special monograph on the popular religion and magics of the Moors.
For these researches I have derived much material support from the University of Helsingfors. I am also indebted to the Russian Minister at Tangier, M. B. de Bacheracht, for his kindness in helping me on several occasions when I was dependent on the Sultan's Government. All the time I have had the valuable assistance of my Moorish friend Shereef [(]Abd-es-Salâm el-Ba[k.][k.]âli, to whom credit is due for the kind reception I invariably received from peasants and mountaineers, not generally noted for friendliness towards Europeans.
I beg to express my best thanks to Mr. Stephen Gwynn for revising the first thirteen chapters, and to Mr. H. C. Minchin for revising the remaining portion of the book. To their suggestions I am indebted for the improvement of many phrases and expressions. I have likewise to thank my friend Mr. Alex. F. Shand for kindly reading the proofs of the earlier chapters and giving me the benefit of his opinion.
Throughout the work the reader will easily find how much I owe to British science and thought—a debt which is greater than I can ever express.
E. W.
London,
January, 1906.
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
THE present edition is only a reprint of the first, with a few inaccurate expressions corrected.
E. W.
London,
July, 1912.
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